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2024年3月26日发(作者：同步传输分为)
无人机配送快递中英文2018
英文
Analysis of environmental impacts of drone delivery on an online shopping system
Jarotwan Koiwanit
Abstract
In rural areas, drones are designed to replace road deliveries so as to overcome
infrastructure challenges; though drones notably consume less fuel and consequently
have a smaller impact on the environment, their full life cycle assessment should still
be evaluated to comprehensively understand their environmental impact. This study
presents a life cycle assessment study on drone delivery in Thailand using CML2001,
the life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) method, to convert life cycle inventory data
into environmental impacts. The observed results show that an online shopping
system using drone delivery is one of the most environmentally friendly transportation
options throughout a wide range of scenarios. However, the parts production
contributed to significant impacts on environmental issues while the drone operation
showed the least impact to all impact categories. The dominant contributors to global
warming, abiotic depletion (ADP elements and
fossil), acidification air, eutrophication, ozone layer depletion, and photochemical
ozone creation impact categories were the coal mining and electricity generating
station operation. However, the carbon fibers and the battery, are the main
contributors to other impact categories, which include the human toxicity, freshwater
aquatic ecotoxicity, marine aquatic ecotoxicity, and terrestric ecotoxicity.
Keywords：LCA，GHG emissions，CML2001，Online shopping，Drone delivery
1. Introduction
With the advent of the internet and increasingly challenging competition in the
dynamic business world of today, the online shopping system in Thailand has
accelerated to a point where the Thai e-commerce market is expected to triple in
growth, from THB47 billion in 2015 to THB139 billion in 2020 (Chan, 2016). New
transportation technologies have been introduced to serve customers' requirements,
save time and money, and deliver better information while providing companies’ high
sale numbers and supporting their environmentally friendly programs (Shrivastava,
2013). Transportation is considered as one of the main contributors to CO2 emissions
which contribute to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and has posed a serious impact
to natural systems (IPCC, 2014, Koiwanit et al., 2014a). Because of traffic
congestion in urban areas in Thailand, transportation was named as the second largest
source of CO2 emissions emitted into the air (Mangmeechai, 2016). Even though
there is not much traffic congestion in rural areas in Thailand, road infrastructure
poses a challenge to retailers in completing each delivery. Unmanned aerial
vehicles (UAVs) or drones have been introduced and announced alongside the
successes of online shopping systems by a number of companies, such as Amazon,
DHL, Google, UPS, etc (Stolaroff, 2014, Heutger and Kückelhaus, 2014, CBC News,
2013, Davidson, 2013). According to DHL, 2014, electrical drones appear to be the
most promising type of drone within short distances for online shopping systems even
though their use cases are still in the early stages. The carbon footprintcalculation of
the U.S. online shopping system using different delivery options, which include cars,
buses, parcel carriers, road trucks, and airplanes, have been evaluated together along
with electricity generation, the consumption of natural gas, and packaging materials.
GWP was evaluated via the production of Li-ion batteries for electric vehicles. The
power, energy and capabilities of Li-ion batteries for different passenger cars were
also summarized (Miller, 2015). Belmonte et al. (2017) evaluated the GWP using
LCA through energy-storage systems on battery-based mobile systems. In contrast to
their studies on online shopping systems and energy-storage systems, this study
attempts to estimate the environmental impacts of drone deliveries as there have been
very limited studies on the creation of their database and their impact on the
environment. This study is a cradle-to-gate study focusing mainly on culminating in
the creation of a database for drone delivery in Chiang Mai, Thailand, using the LCA
methodology. GHG emissions will not only be evaluated, but also other associated
emissions of the drone delivery system.
2. Methodology: LCA study of drone delivery services
2.1. Goal and scope definition
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